Pivot joint assembly

ABSTRACT

The pivot joint assembly includes a housing with an opening which extends along an axis. A bearing is received in the opening and which has a cylindrical outer surface that is in slidable contact with another surface so that the bearing can slide in an axial direction relative to the housing. The bearing has a curved inner bearing surface. The pivot joint assembly also includes an inner ring with a curved outer surface that is in slidable contact with the curved inner bearing surface of the bearing so that the inner ring can rotate and articulate relative to the housing.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This U.S. Divisional Patent Application claims the benefit of U.S.Utility patent application Ser. No. 16/354,324, filed Mar. 15, 2019,which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.62/643,954, filed Mar. 16, 2018, the entire disclosure of theapplications being considered part of the disclosure of this applicationand hereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention

The present invention is related, generally, to a pivot joint forpivotably attaching a pivot support with a steering knuckle in a vehiclesteering and suspension system.

2. Related Art

Pivot joints are commonly found in vehicle suspension assemblies foroperably attaching a knuckle with a pair of control arms in order toallow the knuckle and control arms to rotate and articulate relative toone another during operation of the vehicle. Such pivot joints couldtake a range of different configurations including configurations withand without ball studs. There is a continuing need for improved pivotjoints which can be installed in a vehicle more easily, can bemanufactured more cost effectively, and which offer improved durability.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION AND ADVANTAGES

One aspect of the present invention is related to a pivot joint assemblythat includes a housing and wherein the housing has an opening whichextends along an axis. The pivot joint assembly also includes a bearingwhich is received in the opening of the housing and which has acylindrical outer surface that is in slidable contact with anothersurface so that the bearing can slide in an axial direction relative tothe housing. The bearing has a curved inner bearing surface. The pivotjoint assembly also includes an inner ring with a curved outer surfacethat is in slidable contact with the curved inner bearing surface of thebearing so that the inner ring can rotate and articulate relative to thehousing.

According to another aspect of the present invention, an outer ring isreceived in the opening of the housing and has a cylindrical innersurface and wherein the surface that is in slidable contact with thecylindrical outer surface of the bearing is the cylindrical innersurface of the outer ring.

According to yet another aspect of the present invention, the bearing ismade as a monolithic piece of a material which consists of 8-12 wt %Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), 2-6 wt % carbon fibers, and theremainder is of polyoxymethylene (POM).

According to still another aspect of the present invention, the housinghas a bottom wall.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, the bottom wallhas a raised portion which has an annular shape and which surrounds arecessed portion that is recessed relative to the raised portion.

According to yet a further aspect of the present invention, the bearingcan slide in the axial direction until a portion of the bearing isaxially located between the raised portion and the recessed portion andcan slide such that the bearing is entirely located on an opposite sideof the raided portion from the recessed portion.

According to still a further aspect of the present invention, thehousing is made as a monolithic piece of metal.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the housingpresents at least three bolt openings which are separate from theopening that extends along the axis.

According to yet another aspect of the present invention, the bearingincludes a plurality of slits which are circumferentially spaced fromone another by fingers and wherein the fingers are flexible in a radialdirection for receiving and capturing the inner ring.

Another aspect of the present invention is related to a vehiclesuspension system. The vehicle suspension system includes a knuckle, acontrol arm, and a joint assembly. The joint assembly operably connectsthe knuckle with the control arm while providing the knuckle with threerotational degrees of freedom and one translational degree of freedomfor moving relative to the control arm. The joint assembly includes ahousing which is fixedly attached with the control arm. The housing hasan opening which extends along an axis. A bearing is received in theopening of the housing. The bearing has a cylindrical outer surface thatis in slidable contact with another surface so that the bearing canslide in an axial direction relative to the housing. The bearing has acurved inner bearing surface. The joint assembly further includes aninner ring that has a curved outer bearing surface that is in slidablecontact with the curved inner bearing surface of the bearing so that theinner ring can rotate and articulate relative to the housing. The innerring is fixedly attached with the knuckle.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features and advantages of the present invention will bereadily appreciated, as the same becomes better understood by referenceto the following detailed description when considered in connection withthe accompanying drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an exemplary suspension assembly andshowing a knuckle being separated thereform;

FIG. 2 is another perspective view of the exemplary suspension assemblyand illustrating movement of the control arms and knuckle in a verticaldirection;

FIG. 3 is another perspective view of the exemplary suspension assemblyand illustrating movement of the knuckle in a rotating direction about avertical axis;

FIG. 4 is a perspective and exploded view of an exemplary pivot jointassembly for the suspension assembly of FIGS. 1-3;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the pivot joint in oneconfiguration;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the pivot joint assembly in anotherconfiguration;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the pivot joint assembly in yetanother configuration; and

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the pivot joint assembly in stillanother configuration.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ENABLING EMBODIMENT

Referring to the Figures, wherein like numerals indicate correspondingparts throughout the several views, a vehicle suspension system 20 isgenerally shown in FIGS. 1-3. The exemplary suspension system 20includes a pair of vertically spaced apart control arms 22 and asingle-piece pivot support 24 which extends between and is operativelyattached with the control arms 22. A knuckle 26 is operably attachedwith the pivot support 24 via a pair of joints 28, 30, namely an upperjoint 28 and a lower joint 30. As shown in FIG. 2, as the control arms22 pivot in sync with one another up and down, the pivot support 24 andthe knuckle 26 translate with generally fixed orientations so that awheel which is operably connected with the knuckle 26 does not pivot.

The upper joint 28 has the form of a ball joint which has a ball jointhousing that is received in an opening in the pivot support 24. Theupper joint 28 also has a ball stud which extends downwardly forattachment with the knuckle 26. The lower joint 30 is a pivot jointwhich has an opening that receives a downwardly extending post 29 (shownin FIGS. 5-8) in the knuckle 26. The ball stud of the upper joint 28 anda central location of the opening of the lower joint 30 are aligned withone another about a common central axis A. As shown in FIG. 3, the axialalignment of the upper and lower joints 28, 30 allows the knuckle 26 anda wheel (not shown) attached thereto to pivot about the central axis Ain response to steering input from a tie rod 32 that is attached withthe knuckle 24.

Referring now to FIG. 4, the lower joint 30 has a housing 34 with acup-shaped opening which is defined by a bottom wall 36 and a side wall37. The opening extends along the central axis A from the bottom wall 36at a closed first end to an open second end. The bottom wall 36 has anannular raised portion 38 which surrounds a recessed central portion 40.The central axis A extends through the recessed central portion 40. Theannular raised portion 38 is planar and extends to a bottom end of theside wall 37.

The housing 34 is preferably made of a single, monolithic piece ofmetal, such as steel or an alloy steel, and is preferably shaped throughforging or casting and then machining to establish the final form of thecup-shaped opening. In the exemplary embodiment, the housing 34 hasthree bolt openings which receive bolts to fixedly attach the housing 34with the pivot support 24. However, it should be appreciated that thehousing 34 could take other shapes and configurations and may be fixedlyattached with the pivot support 24 through any suitable fastening means.

An outer ring 42 is fixedly received in the cup-shaped opening of thehousing 34 and abuts the raised portion 38 of the bottom wall 36 of thehousing 34. In the Exemplary embodiment, the outer ring 42 is press fitinto the opening of the housing 34 such that, once installed, the outerring 42 remains in a fixed location within the opening of the housing34. A cap 43 is also fixed with the housing 34 and the outer ring 42 tofixedly attach these components together. When in an assembled position,the outer ring 42 projects out of the cup-shaped opening of the housing34 in an axial direction. The outer ring 42 has an inner surface whichhas a major portion 44 with a generally constant diameter. The majorportion 44 extends axially from adjacent the bottom wall 36 of thehousing 34 to a tapered portion 46 which tapers radially outwardly andwhich is located, axially, outside of the cup-shaped opening of thehousing 34. The outer ring 42 may be made of metal or plastic and may beshaped through any suitable operation.

The lower joint 30 further includes an inner ring 48 that has a throughopening which is shaped to receive the post 29 of the knuckle 26 andincludes a plastic bearing 50 which is disposed between the outer andinner rings 42, 48. In the exemplary embodiment, the inner ring 48 ispress-fit onto the post 29 such that, once attached, these componentsmove with one another. The inner ring 48 is preferably made of metal,such as steel, and has a semi-spherically curved outer face.

A bearing 50 is disposed in the opening of the housing between the outerand inner rings 42, 48 for allowing these components to freely rotaterelative to one another during operation of the vehicle suspensionsystem 20. Specifically, the bearing 50 is made of a low-frictionaterial and has a semi-spherically curved inner face 52 that is inslidable contact with the curved outer face of the inner ring 48 toallow the inner ring 48 and the knuckle 26 to freely rotate about thecentral axis A (as shown in FIG. 3) and to freely articulate, or pivot,relative to the outer ring 42. For example, FIG. 7 shows the inner ring48 as being articulated relative to the bearing 50 and to the housing34. In other words, the slidable relationship between the inner ring 48and the bearing 50 gives the knuckle 26 three rotational degrees offreedom by allowing it to rotate and articulate relative to the housing34 and to the control arm 22 (shown in FIG. 1) affixed thereto and viceversa. As discussed in further detail below, the bearing 50 ispreferably made of a low friction plastic material and is preferablyshaped through an injection molding operation.

The bearing 50 has an axial length which is less than an axial lengthsof the outer and inner rings 42, 48. In operation, an outer surface ofthe plastic bearing 50 can slide axially along the inner surface of theouter ring 42. As shown in FIG. 8, the slidable relationship betweenbearing 50 and the outer ring 42 in combination with the configurationof the recessed portion 40 of the bottom wall 36 allows the inner ring48 and the plastic bearing 50 to slide axially downwardly until both theinner ring 48 and the plastic bearing 50 are partially below the outerring 42. In other words, the slidable relationship between the plasticbearing 50 and the outer ring 48 provides the knuckle 26 with onetranslational degree of freedom by allowing it to translate relative tothe control arm 22 (shown in FIG. 1) and vice versa.

As shown in FIG. 4, the bearing 50 has a plurality of circumferentiallyspaced apart and axially extending slots 56 formed therein. The slots 56extend to one axial end of the bearing 50 and separate a plurality offingers which can flex radially outwardly in an elastic manner wheninserting the inner ring 48 into a cavity defined by the inner face 52of the bearing 50. Once a maximum outer diameter of the inner ring 48clears the distal ends of the fingers, the fingers snap radiallyinwardly to capture the inner ring 48 within the bearing 50 while stillallowing these components to rotate and articulate relative to oneanother.

The bearing 50 is preferably made of a material which consists of: 8-12wt % Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), 2-6 wt % carbon fibers, and theremainder is of polyoxymethylene (POM). This material has been found toprovide the bearing 50 with low friction; sufficient strength totransfer forces between the outer and inner rings 42, 48 without damage;and sufficient elasticity to deflect when receiving the inner ring 48therein during assembly of the lower joint 30.

The lower joint 30 further includes a dust boot 54 which is sealedagainst the inner ring 48 and is sealable against the knuckle 26 formaintaining a lubricant within and keeping contaminants out of the lowerjoint 30. The dust boot 54 may be fixedly attached with the inner ring48 through any suitable means including, e.g., an adhesive.

Obviously, many modifications and variations of the present inventionare possible in light of the above teachings and may be practicedotherwise than as specifically described while within the scope of theappended claims. Additionally, it is to be understood that all featuresof all claims and all embodiments can be combined with each other, aslong as they do not contradict each other.

What is claimed is:
 1. A vehicle suspension system, comprising: aknuckle; a control arm; a joint assembly operably connecting saidknuckle with said control arm while providing said knuckle with threerotational degrees of freedom and one translational degree of freedomfor moving relative to said control arm, said joint assembly comprising;a housing fixedly attached with said control arm; a housing with anopening which extends along an axis; a bearing received in said openingof said housing and having a cylindrical outer surface that is inslidable contact with another surface so that said bearing can slide inan axial direction relative to said housing; said bearing having acurved inner bearing surface; an inner ring having a curved outerbearing surface that is in slidable contact with said curved innerbearing surface of said bearing so that said inner ring can rotate andarticulate relative to said housing; and said inner ring being fixedlyattached with said knuckle.
 2. The vehicle suspension system as setforth in claim 1 further including an outer ring which is received insaid opening of said housing and which has a cylindrical inner surfaceand wherein said surface that is in slidable contact with saidcylindrical outer surface of said bearing is said cylindrical innersurface of said outer ring.
 3. The vehicle suspension system as setforth in claim 1 wherein said bearing is made as a monolithic piece of amaterial which consists of 8-12 wt % Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), 2-6wt % carbon fibers, and the remainder is of polyoxymethylene (POM). 4.The vehicle suspension system as set forth in claim 1 wherein saidhousing has a bottom wall.
 5. The vehicle suspension system as set forthin claim 4 wherein said bottom wall has a raised portion which has anannular shape and which surrounds a recessed portion that is recessedrelative to said raised portion.
 6. The vehicle suspension system as setforth in claim 5 wherein said bearing can slide in said axial directionuntil a portion of said bearing is axially located between said raisedportion and said recessed portion and can slide such that said bearingis entirely located on an opposite side of said raised portion from saidrecessed portion.
 7. A pivot joint assembly, comprising: a housing withan opening which extends along an axis; a bearing received in saidopening of said housing and having a cylindrical outer surface that isin slidable contact with another surface so that said bearing can slidein an axial direction relative to said housing; said bearing having acurved inner bearing surface and a plurality of slots spacedcircumferentially from one another and in communication with the innerbearing surface; and an inner ring having a curved outer bearing surfacethat is in slidable contact with said curved inner bearing surface ofsaid bearing so that said inner ring can rotate and articulate relativeto said housing.
 8. The pivot joint assembly as set forth in claim 7further including an outer ring which is received in said opening ofsaid housing and which has a cylindrical inner surface and wherein saidsurface that is in slidable contact with said cylindrical outer surfaceof said bearing is said cylindrical inner surface of said outer ring. 9.The pivot joint as set forth in claim 7 wherein said bearing is made asa monolithic piece of a material which consists of 8-12 wt %Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), 2-6 wt % carbon fibers, and theremainder is of polyoxymethylene (POM).
 10. The pivot joint as set forthin claim 7 wherein said housing has a bottom wall.
 11. The pivot jointas set forth in claim 10 wherein said bottom wall has a raised portionwhich has an annular shape and which surrounds a recessed portion thatis recessed relative to said raised portion.
 12. The pivot joint as setforth in claim 11 wherein said bearing can slide in said axial directionuntil a portion of said bearing is axially located between said raisedportion and said recessed portion and can slide such that said bearingis entirely located on an opposite side of said raised portion from saidrecessed portion.
 13. The pivot joint as set forth in claim 7 whereinsaid housing is made as a monolithic piece of metal.
 14. The pivot jointas set forth in claim 13 wherein said housing presents at least threebolt openings which are separate from said opening that extends alongsaid axis.
 15. The pivot pin as set forth in claim 7 wherein saidplurality of slots which are separated by intervening fingers andwherein said fingers are flexible in a radial direction for receivingand capturing said inner ring.